Update Docker workflow and badges in README files

Added Docker badge and updated Cloudflare Workers badge links in both English and Chinese README files. In the GitHub Actions workflow, assigned an id to the Docker build-and-push step and updated the provenance attestation to use the correct digest output.

.github/workflows/image.yml

@@ -74,6 +74,7 @@ jobs:
             type=raw,value=latest,enable={{is_default_branch}}
 
       - name: Build and push Docker image
+        id: build-and-push
         uses: docker/build-push-action@v6
         with:
           context: .
@@ -89,5 +90,5 @@ jobs:
         uses: actions/attest-build-provenance@v2
         with:
           subject-name: ${{ env.REGISTRY }}/${{ env.IMAGE_NAME}}
-          subject-digest: ${{ steps.meta.outputs.digest }}
+          subject-digest: ${{ steps.build-and-push.outputs.digest }}
           push-to-registry: true